| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
USDA-ARS, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Animal Physiology Research Unit, Athens, GA 30605-2720
1 Correspondence: 950 College Station Road (phone: 706-583-8275; fax: 706-542-0399; e-mail: ghausman{at}saa.ars.usda.gov).
A review of adipose tissue angiogenesis includes the morphological and cytochemical development of adipose tissue vasculature and the concept of primitive fat organs. Spatial and temporal relationships between fetal vascular and fat cell development are discussed, including depot- and genetic-dependent arteriolar differentiation. The relationship between connective tissue deposition and elaboration of adipose tissue vasculature is discussed with respect to regulating adipocyte development in a depot-dependent manner. In vitro studies indicated that depot-dependent vascular traits may be attributable to intrinsic growth characteristics of adipose tissue endothelial cells. These studies indicate that adipogenesis may be regulated by factors that drive angiogenesis. Fundamental aspects of angiogenesis, including basement membrane breakdown, vasculogenesis, angiogenic remodeling, vessel stabilization, and vascular permeability were reviewed. Critical angiogenic factors include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptors, angiopoietins (Ang), ephrins, matrix metalloproteinases, and the plasminogen enzymatic system. Vascular endothelial growth factor is the most critical factor because it initiates the formation of immature vessels and disruption of a single VEGF allele leads to embryonic lethality in mice. Expression of VEGF is influenced by hypoxia, insulin, growth factors, and several cytokines. Angiogenic factors secreted and/or produced by adipocytes or preadipocytes are discussed. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and secretion by adipocytes is regulated by insulin and hypoxia, and is associated with adipose tissue accretion. Vascular endothelial growth factor accounts for most of the angiogenic activity of adipose tissue. The proposed role of leptin as an adipogenic factor is reviewed with respect to efficacy on various aspects of angiogenesis relative to other angiogenic factors. The VEGF and leptin genes are both hypoxia inducible, but potential links between VEGF and leptin gene expression have not been examined. Finally, several studies including a study of mice treated with antiangiogenic factors indicate that adipose tissue accretion can be controlled through the vasculature per se.
Key Words: Adipose Tissue Development • Blood Vessel Development • Capillaries • Leptin • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. J. Mulligan-Kehoe The vasa vasorum in diseased and nondiseased arteries Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2010; 298(2): H295 - H305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Clapp, S. Thebault, M. C. Jeziorski, and G. Martinez De La Escalera Peptide Hormone Regulation of Angiogenesis Physiol Rev, October 1, 2009; 89(4): 1177 - 1215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Carriere, T. G. Ebrahimian, S. Dehez, N. Auge, C. Joffre, M. Andre, S. Arnal, M. Duriez, C. Barreau, E. Arnaud, et al. Preconditioning by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Improves the Proangiogenic Potential of Adipose-Derived Cells-Based Therapy Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2009; 29(7): 1093 - 1099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Lkhagvadorj, L. Qu, W. Cai, O. P. Couture, C. R. Barb, G. J. Hausman, D. Nettleton, L. L. Anderson, J. C. M. Dekkers, and C. K. Tuggle Microarray gene expression profiles of fasting induced changes in liver and adipose tissues of pigs expressing the melanocortin-4 receptor D298N variant Physiol Genomics, June 10, 2009; 38(1): 98 - 111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. B. S. Harris Nature or nurture?: focus on "Preadipocyte transplantation: an in vivo study of direct leptin signaling on adipocyte morphogenesis and cell size" Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2009; 296(5): R1336 - R1338. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. J. Hausman, M. V. Dodson, K. Ajuwon, M. Azain, K. M. Barnes, L. L. Guan, Z. Jiang, S. P. Poulos, R. D. Sainz, S. Smith, et al. BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: The biology and regulation of preadipocytes and adipocytes in meat animals J Anim Sci, April 1, 2009; 87(4): 1218 - 1246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Pasarica, O. R. Sereda, L. M. Redman, D. C. Albarado, D. T. Hymel, L. E. Roan, J. C. Rood, D. H. Burk, and S. R. Smith Reduced Adipose Tissue Oxygenation in Human Obesity: Evidence for Rarefaction, Macrophage Chemotaxis, and Inflammation Without an Angiogenic Response Diabetes, March 1, 2009; 58(3): 718 - 725. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Kunduzova, N. Alet, N. Delesque-Touchard, L. Millet, I. Castan-Laurell, C. Muller, C. Dray, P. Schaeffer, J. P. Herault, P. Savi, et al. Apelin/APJ signaling system: a potential link between adipose tissue and endothelial angiogenic processes FASEB J, December 1, 2008; 22(12): 4146 - 4153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ledoux, I. Queguiner, S. Msika, S. Calderari, P. Rufat, J.-M. Gasc, P. Corvol, and E. Larger Angiogenesis Associated With Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Severe Human Obesity Diabetes, December 1, 2008; 57(12): 3247 - 3257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Negrao, R. Monteiro, C. Calhau, R. Soares, and I. Azevedo Comment on: Hosogai et al. (2007) Adipose Tissue Hypoxia in Obesity and Its Impact on Adipocytokine Dysregulation. Diabetes 56:901-911, 2007 Diabetes, November 1, 2008; 57(11): e15 - e15. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Wang, I S. Wood, and P. Trayhurn Hypoxia induces leptin gene expression and secretion in human preadipocytes: differential effects of hypoxia on adipokine expression by preadipocytes J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2008; 198(1): 127 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Hemmeryckx, R. van Bree, B. Van Hoef, L. Vercruysse, H. R. Lijnen, and J. Verhaeghe Adverse Adipose Phenotype and Hyperinsulinemia in Gravid Mice Deficient in Placental Growth Factor Endocrinology, May 1, 2008; 149(5): 2176 - 2183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. R. Lijnen Angiogenesis and obesity Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2008; 78(2): 286 - 293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Bourlier, A. Zakaroff-Girard, A. Miranville, S. De Barros, M. Maumus, C. Sengenes, J. Galitzky, M. Lafontan, F. Karpe, K.N. Frayn, et al. Remodeling Phenotype of Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Macrophages Circulation, February 12, 2008; 117(6): 806 - 815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. N. Bell, L. Cai, B. H. Johnstone, D. O. Traktuev, K. L. March, and R. V. Considine A central role for hepatocyte growth factor in adipose tissue angiogenesis Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2008; 294(2): E336 - E344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Glassford, P. Yue, A. Y. Sheikh, H. J. Chun, S. Zarafshar, D. A. Chan, G. M. Reaven, T. Quertermous, and P. S. Tsao HIF-1 regulates hypoxia- and insulin-induced expression of apelin in adipocytes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2007; 293(6): E1590 - E1596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Y. Kim, Y. Wu, and C. M. Smas Characterization of ScAP-23, a new cell line from murine subcutaneous adipose tissue, identifies genes for the molecular definition of preadipocytes Physiol Genomics, October 19, 2007; 31(2): 328 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Vona-Davis and D. P Rose Adipokines as endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors in breast cancer risk and progression Endocr. Relat. Cancer, June 1, 2007; 14(2): 189 - 206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Gimble, A. J. Katz, and B. A. Bunnell Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine Circ. Res., May 11, 2007; 100(9): 1249 - 1260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-H. Cho, Y. Jun Koh, J. Han, H.-K. Sung, H. Jong Lee, T. Morisada, R. A. Schwendener, R. A. Brekken, G. Kang, Y. Oike, et al. Angiogenic Role of LYVE-1-Positive Macrophages in Adipose Tissue Circ. Res., March 2, 2007; 100(4): e47 - e57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. J. Yang, E. Albrecht, K. Ender, R. Q. Zhao, and J. Wegner Computer image analysis of intramuscular adipocytes and marbling in the longissimus muscle of cattle J Anim Sci, December 1, 2006; 84(12): 3251 - 3258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Cowey and R. W. Hardy The Metabolic Syndrome: A High-Risk State for Cancer? Am. J. Pathol., November 1, 2006; 169(5): 1505 - 1522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. R. Lijnen, V. Christiaens, I. Scroyen, G. Voros, M. Tjwa, P. Carmeliet, and D. Collen Impaired adipose tissue development in mice with inactivation of placental growth factor function. Diabetes, October 1, 2006; 55(10): 2698 - 2704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. N. Bell, J. L. Ward, M. Degawa-Yamauchi, J. E. Bovenkerk, R. Jones, B. M. Cacucci, C. E. Gupta, C. Sheridan, K. Sheridan, S. S. Shankar, et al. Adipose tissue production of hepatocyte growth factor contributes to elevated serum HGF in obesity Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2006; 291(4): E843 - E848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Hausman, S. P. Poulos, R. L. Richardson, C. R. Barb, T. Andacht, H. C. Kirk, and R. L. Mynatt Secreted proteins and genes in fetal and neonatal pig adipose tissue and stromal-vascular cells J Anim Sci, July 1, 2006; 84(7): 1666 - 1681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Bauer, R. J. Bauer, and O. C. Velazquez Angiogenesis, Vasculogenesis, and Induction of Healing in Chronic Wounds Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, July 1, 2005; 39(4): 293 - 306. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Zhou, S. Lechpammer, J. S. Greenberger, and J. Glowacki Hypoxia Inhibition of Adipocytogenesis in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Requires Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}/Smad3 Signaling J. Biol. Chem., June 17, 2005; 280(24): 22688 - 22696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Novakofski Adipogenesis: Usefulness of in vitro and in vivo experimental models J Anim Sci, March 1, 2004; 82(3): 905 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
